Policy and Position Statements

• Hawryluck LA, Harvey WR, Lemieux-Charles L, Singer PA. Consensus guidelines on analgesia and sedation in dying intensive care unit patients. BMC Med Ethics. 2002;3:E3.
• Herr K, Coyne PJ, Manworren R, McCaffety, Merkel S, Pelosi-Kelly J, Wild L. Pain assessment in the nonverbal patient: Position statement with clinical practice recommendations. Pain Management Nursing 2006;7:44-52.
• Lanken PN, Terry PB, Delisser HM, Fahy BF, Hansen-Flaschen J, Heffner JE, Levy M, Mularski RA, Osborne ML, Prendergast TJ, Rocker G, Sibbald WJ, Wilfond B, Yankaskas JR; ATS End-of-Life Care Task Force. An official American Thoracic Society clinical policy statement: palliative care for patients with respiratory diseases and critical illnesses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008;177:912-27.
• Mularski RA, Puntillo K, Varkey B, Erstad BL, Grap MJ, Gilbert HC, Li D, Medina J, Pasero C, Sessler CN. Pain management within the palliative and end-of-life care experience in the ICU. Chest 2009;135:1360-9.
• Selecky PA, Eliasson CA, Hall RI, Schneider RF, Varkey B, McCaffree DR; American College of Chest Physicians. Palliative and end-of-life care for patients with cardiopulmonary diseases: American College of Chest Physicians position statement. Chest 2005;128:3599-610.
• Thompson BT, Cox PN, Antonelli M, et al. Challenges in end-of-life care in the ICU: Statement of the 5th International Consensus Conference in Critical Care: Brussels, Belgium, April 2003: Executive summary. Crit Care Med 2004;32:1781-4.
• Truog RD, Campbell ML, Curtis JR, et al. Recommendations for end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: A consensus statement by the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 2008;36:953-63.
• Truog RD, Cist AF, Brackett SE, Burns JP, Curley MA, Danis M, DeVita MA, Rosenbaum SH, Rothenberg DM, Sprung CL, Webb SA, Wlody GS, Hurford WE. Recommendations for end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: The Ethics Committee of the Society of Critical Care Medicine. Crit Care Med 2001;29:2332-48.
• Davidson JE, Powers K, Hedayat KM, Tieszen M, Kon AA, Shepard E, Spuhler V, Todres ID, Levy M, Barr J, Ghandi R, Hirsch G, Armstrong D; American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2004-2005, Society of Critical Care Medicine. Clinical practice guidelines for support of the family in the patient-centered intensive care unit: American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2004-2005. Crit Care Med 2007;35605-22.
• National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization (NHPCO) Position Statement and Call to Action on Access to Palliative Care in Critical Care Settings. Available at: http://www.nhpco.org/files/public/NHPCO_PC-in-ICU_statement_Sept08.pdf. Accessed June 1, 2010.
• Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association (HPNA) Position Statement on Withholding and/or Withdrawing Life Sustaining Therapies. Available at: http://www.hpna.org/DisplayPage.aspx?Title=Position Statements. Accessed: June 1, 2010.
• American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Bioethics and Committee on Hospital Care. Palliative care for children. Pediatrics 2000;106:351-7.